"Play is the best thing that human beings do" says Helen Dunmore, one of the most prolific writers of later twentieth century. She is specially known as the creator of dream world. Her novels are the record of various aspects of life such as pleasure and pain, victory and defeat, triumph and tragedy etc. The present paper is an attempt made to examine the various themes depicted in her latest novel, The Betrayal.

Nowadays highlighting the certain specialties and improving them has become a must for training the required human type. The most essential one of these specialties is problem solving. Problem solving is not just a mental specialty but includes some specific attitudes and values. This specialty, is the main target of the training as it gives the individual to cope with the world and environment, to be creative and to give flexibility to change/control the environment and requires a specific training system to be improved in all manners. Today, transmitting information; is changing from traditional learning to effective learning; from teacher centralized to student centralized; from pre-defined strict education program to flexible and different learning experiences; from whole class training to small group or individual learning.

Further mathematics affords at higher Secondary School level students opportunity to be introduced to some topics in advanced Level mathematics in order to prepare them to study mathematics or related courses in their next level of education. While all students offer mathematics, only few science students normally offer further mathematics. The reason for this is not far fetched. It is noted that many students view mathematics as a difficult subject and perceive higher mathematics as an elite subject for only the best students. The students could only find the study of mathematics more appealing when they perceive the subject matter as interesting, useful and only he will opt to select engineering stream for further study

Teacher education and research in education have a symbiotic relationship. Developments in both these sectors mutually reinforce the concerns necessary for the qualitative improvement of the entire spectrum of education.

Health is defined as the condition of our body especially whether or not we are ill. Consciousness means the knowledge or understanding that something exists or is important. Health consciousness refers to individual's comprehensive orientations towards health, rather than issue-specific orientations (e.g. smoking, weight control) . Health consciousness is a important aspect related to social psychological and educational issues. Five components of health consciousness have consistently appeared in studies over the previous two decades, which are (1) integration of health behavior, (2) attention to one's health, (3) health information seeking and usage, (4) personal health responsibility, and (5) health motivation.

With the technological advancement and ICT revolution education has crossed the geopolitical borders and is becoming more global. The emergence of open source software on the Web like Wikis have been instrumental in repurposing the manner in which pedagogy is conceived and delivered in schools, Not only are the materials& pedagogy becoming more influenced by the rich global environment, but communication among students at all levels are also playing an increasingly important role. E learning 2.0 patterned after Web 2.0 places increased emphasis on social learning, uses blogs, wikis, pod casts as resources. It is built around collaboration. It assumes that knowledge is socially constructed. Learning results through conversations about context & grounded interaction about problems & actions.

We know that regular exercises and moderate to vigorous physical activity increase the level of ones physical fitness such as muscular strength cordiorespiratory endurance, skeletal liberalization and other fitness components there is also strong relationship between physical and mental health.

- The Co-operative sector has played a key role in the economy of the country and always recognized as an integral part of our national economy with its network. Co-operatives have ideological base, economic objects with social outlook and approach. The Co-operative covers almost all cent percent villages in India. Cooperatives have emerged to be the third sector of Indian economy in addition to public and private sector. The co-operative form of organization is the Ideal organization for economically weaker sections in the country. Hence, the success of Co-operative organization depends on the proper implementation of principles, The Revolution of Agro- Industries as well as white Revolution ( cotton and milk ) are the symbol of the devel- The Co-operative sector has played a key role in the economy of the country and always recognized as an integral part of our national economy with its network. Co-operatives have ideological base, economic objects with social outlook and approach. The Co-operative covers almost all cent percent villages in India. Cooperatives have emerged to be the third sector of Indian economy in addition to public and private sector. The co-operative form of organization is the Ideal organization for economically weaker sections in the country. Hence, the success of Co-operative organization depends on the proper implementation of principles, The Revolution of Agro- Industries as well as white Revolution ( cotton and milk ) are the symbol of the devel- The Co-operative sector has played a key role in the economy of the country and always recognized as an integral part of our national economy with its network. Co-operatives have ideological base, economic objects with social outlook and approach. The Co-operative covers almost all cent percent villages in India. Cooperatives have emerged to be the third sector of Indian economy in addition to public and private sector. The co-operative form of organization is the Ideal organization for economically weaker sections in the country. Hence, the success of Co-operative organization depends on the proper implementation of principles, The Revolution of Agro- Industries as well as white Revolution ( cotton and milk ) are the symbol of the devel- The Co-operative sector has played a key role in the economy of the country and always recognized as an integral part of our national economy with its network. Co-operatives have ideological base, economic objects with social outlook and approach. The Co-operative covers almost all cent percent villages in India. Cooperatives have emerged to be the third sector of Indian economy in addition to public and private sector. The co-operative form of organization is the Ideal organization for economically weaker sections in the country. Hence, the success of Co-operative organization depends on the proper implementation of principles, The Revolution of Agro- Industries as well as white Revolution ( cotton and milk ) are the symbol of the development.

Yoga is a higher state of consciousness when the activities of five senses and fluctuations of the mind are stilled and the intellect becomes steady. Thus due to sensorial control the state of meditation is achieved. This is the state of yoga i.e. "Yogah Citta Virtti Nirodhah" According to Bhagavad-Gita it is a state of freedom from the influence of pain or pleasure. This is a state or equanimity over pain and pleasure. Success or failure and so on. Yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root "Yuja" mean to unite or to integrate. This union refers to the union of individual consciousness with the cosmic or divine consciousness.

Where folklorists all over the world have so far engaged either I the collection, interpretation or analysis of folklore material, the major emphasis has been on the "lore" or the "folk" rather than on the "folk" who create and possess that "lore". With the advancement of anthropological and sociological researches during the past fifty years, however, the focus of attention has changed. In the words of the great anthropologists Bronislaw Malinowski: "the text, of course, is extremely important, but without the context it remains lifeless … the stories live in the native life and not on paper, and when a scholar jots them down without being able to evoke the atmosphere in which they flourish, he has given us but a mutilated bit of reality"1. In the years since Malinowski wrote this, there has been a growing realization that the questions related to the origin of folklore, or its definition, are not as important in the present context of rapid social changes and improved means of mass communication, as the problems of uplifting the poor masses who dwell in cities and towns, educating the thousands of people in non-literate sectors of the society, and inculcating the spirit of brotherhood and mutual respect. The "folk" rather than their "lore" have, therefore, received much greater attention and consideration from scholar literary critics and social reformers alike. Folklore in India today is regarded as one of the most important and effective instruments of social engineering

Diabetes mellitus today is recognized as an epidemic disease in most countries that are undergoing socioeconomic transitions (Duyff, Roberta, 2002). Controlled studies carried out in India as well as in many other countries have revealed that a Tulasi (Ocimum Sanctum) intake offers protection against diabetes which is related to nutritionally induce metabolic over load (Wynder et al, 1992).

The growth of single crystals in gel at an ambient temperature, which are sparingly soluble in water, is a fascinating alternative to the techniques involving high temperature and expensive equipments (3). During the last few years, successful application of gel growth technique has been demonstrated by the preparation of single crystals of alkaline earth metal iodate (4). The gel growth technique appeared quite attractive for growing crystals of such compounds on account of its unique advantages in terms of crystals produced and the simplicity of process (5-6).

It is necessary to recognize that the present approach towards higher education is governed by the 'National Policy on Education' of 1986 and Programme of Action of 1992. The 1986 policy and Action Plan or 1992 was based on the two land marks report namely, the 'University Education Commission' of 1948-49 (mostly known as Radhakrishnan Commission), and the 'Education Commission' of 1964-66 (popularly known as Kothari Commission Report). These two landmark reports in fact laid down the basic framework for the National policy for higher education in the country

Population also plays an important role in modern economic development. It is the most potent resource which can alter the entire face of the country, if utilised prudently. Not only it provides trained and skilled man-power for economic reconstruction but like other natural resources it can be exported to earn regular income and meet financial crisis. But an illiterate and unskilled population full of ethnic and linguistic diversities poses a number of problems whose solutions are always difficult to find out. Fast growing population accompanied with maladies of overpopulation not only disturbs the peace and tranquility of the region or country to which it belongs but may pose serious s threat to even the survival of the mankind.

Form a moderate start, the cooperative movement in India has reached a stupendous position. Like other form of cooperatives. A Sangli D.C.C Bank is one of the most important bank who played a vital role in the improvement and development of cooperative movement in a particular district. This bank has also played important role for the drought prone area. His highness late Chintamanrao Appasaheb th Patvardhan was established this bank on 28 March 1927

Agriculture is the heart of Indian economy. Indian agriculture had a glorious period much before colonisation of Indian economy by the British. At that time there was a proper balance between agriculture and industry and both flourished hand in hand. This situation continued th till the middle of the 18 century. The interference from the alien British government and its deliberate policy of throttling the village handicraft and cottage industries destroyed the fiber of balance and the economy of the country was badly shattered. British pursued a typical colonial policy in India and did nothing to develop agriculture. Though things have changed considerably, thanks to Green Revolution, the emerging trends in the growth of population and the stagnant agricultural production in the backdrop of high food inflation provides a formidable challenge to policy makers and economists. A pertinent question that arise in the Indian context is the applicability of Malthus and his mass starvation theories.

In India various movements were played by different social and political reformers, Rajaram Mohan Roy, Mahatma Jyotiba Fule, Lokmanya Tilak etc. played different movements for social and political purposes. Among these all movements Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, the pioneer of Indian constitution, forced both political and social movement for the upliftment of socially and economically backward classes. In India he has created the Ambedkarian philosophy, Ambedkarian movement.

The aim of the present study was to reveal marital attitude among hubands & wives.The Total Sample Consisted of 50 Marriaged couples age between 21 to 30.which consist of 50 Wives &50 Husbands selected to controlled randomised sampling method in Solapur City.Administered Scale of marriage attitude of Dr.Prodmod Kumar. Data was Analysed by using Mean,S.D., & "t" test. Data shows that there is not significant difference at 0.5 Level "t"=0.62 between marriage attitude of Husbands & Wives.

Motivation plays a major role in the all round development of a sports person, sports activities has a higher degree of motivation. High level of motivation leads involvement in the activity; understanding the reason for participation will enhance levels of performance. The influence of motivation on the performance of sportsman has a rich research tradition that provides insights. Application of sport competition is the most common achievement situation in sport, but achievement also occurs in non-competitive situations when individuals compare their performance to personal standards. Motivation is a multidimensional process

Tax is a central Subject. Income tax on all types of income other than agricultural income is charged and collected by the central Govt. However , a certain percentage of the net proceeds is distributed among the states according to the principles, laid down by the finance commission . The income tax Act 1961, has been brought into force with effect. From 1 April 1962. It applies to the whole of India. ( including Jammu & Kashmir ) Since then several amendments of far reaching nature have been made in the income tax Act. By the Finance Act. of every year. Besides this amendments have also been made by various amendments Acts

The mechanized system of development has now paved ways for social-economic transformation which has made possible an increase in the level of disposable income. When we earn more, we like to spend more. We take interest in utilizing our leisure time and availing the modern amenities and facilities. These are provided by service sector. A service is an activity or benefit that one party can offer to another and does not result in ownership of anything. Services are intangible activities which provide want satisfaction. Each type of service is intangible and perishable. It cannot be separated from the provider and hence while selling of services ownership is not transferred to the buyer

Empowerment implies expansion of assets and capabilities of people to influence control and hold accountable institutions that affect their lives (World Bank Resource Book). Empowerment is the process of enabling or authorizing an individual to think, behaves, take action and control work in an autonomous way take control of one's own destiny. It includes both control over resources (Physical, Human, Intellectual and Financial) and over ideology (Belief, values and attitudes) (Batliwala, 1994).

Regional disparities have become one of the most important glaring and growing problems not only in developing countries but also in the most advanced countries of the world.(Sharma & Kumar 1993). It is true with the developing country like India, it has grater regional disparities in the sectors of agricultural, economy, industry, education, social etc. Kolhapur district in South Maharashtra has essentially an agrarian economy. About sixty-three percent of district's total population depends on agriculture. Though the district has been remained as one of the agriculturally developed districts of Maharashtra, surprisingly it carries greater regional disparities in the overall development in general and the agricultural development in particular.